35. Disclosures on financial instruments

Carrying amounts, fair values, measurement categories and measurement methods

The following table shows the carrying amounts and fair values of the financial assets and financial liabilities for each class and each IFRS 9 category and reconciles this information to the appropriate line items on the statement of financial position. The balance sheet items loans and borrowings (non-current and current) include lease liabilities that are to be regarded as financial liabilities but are not allocated to a measurement category in accordance with IFRS 9. They are reported in the “no financial instruments” column to enable a reconciliation to the balance sheet item. In addition, the (current) provisions balance sheet item is reported as a financial liability. However, this is also not allocated to an IFRS 9 measurement category and is consequently also reported in the “no financial instruments” column.

Depending on the classification/measurement category, financial instruments are subsequently measured at (amortized) cost or fair value. The Lenzing Group uses the following measurement categories: “at amortized cost”, “at fair value through profit or loss” and “at fair value through other comprehensive income”. The measurement category “at fair value through profit or loss” is solely used for financial assets that are mandatorily measured at fair value.

The Lenzing Group accounts for reclassifications in the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period in which the changes occur. In the 2025 and 2024 financial years, no shifts occurred between the various levels of the fair value hierarchy for financial instruments.

Where valuations of financial instruments are conducted by external institutions (banks), these are monitored by the Lenzing Group and subjected to a further review and, where appropriate, adopted for financial accounting purposes. The necessary market data are validated on the basis of the dual control principle.

In light of the varying influencing factors, the fair values presented can only be regarded as indicators of the values that could actually be realized on the market.

Financial assets

Securities are measured at fair value and, due to the exercise of the corresponding option, measurement is recognized directly in equity. In the 2025 financial year the entire interest in the company Spinnova OY, Jyväskylä, Finland, was divested (2024: partial disposal). In addition, some of the ordinary shares in Oberbank were sold in the 2025 and 2024 financial years (see note 22).

The fair values of loans are determined using the discounted cash flow method. This involves calculating the expected future contractual cash flows over the remaining term and discounting them at a current market interest rate observed on the market. The loans mainly result from the loan agreement between LD Celulose S.A. and LD Florestal S.A. (see note 38).

The fair value of shares is derived from the current stock exchange prices. These securities are assigned to the category “at fair value through other comprehensive income”.

The fair value of investment funds is derived from the latest calculated value. These securities are assigned to the category “at fair value through profit or loss”.

The other equity investments are classified as “at fair value through other comprehensive income”.

Bond

The fair value of the bond issued is derived from the current market price, and its fair value changes are especially due to changes in market interest rates and the credit rating of LD Celulose International GmbH, Vienna, as well as of its guarantors LD Celulose S.A., Indianópolis, Brazil, and LD Florestal S.A. Indianópolis, Brazil.

Puttable non-controlling interests

The Dexco-Group has a put option and has the right to sell its shares in LD Celulose S.A., Indianópolis, Brazil, within certain periods, upon expiry of time or upon the occurrence of a contractually defined change of control regarding the owner of the Lenzing Group (change of control clause). This obligation is recognized under liabilities from puttable non-controlling interests. The liability from puttable non-controlling interests is subsequently measured at fair value directly through retained earnings (not in profit or loss). The fair value of these puttable non-controlling interests is determined based on the planned or projected cash flows less cost of disposal and net debt at the measurement date. The budget approved by the Management and Supervisory Boards and the medium-term plans approved by the Management Board are the starting point for the cash flow projections. After the detailed planning period of five years, a 25-year return based on a sustainable EBITDA margin is expected based on the assumptions for the last year. The planning period for the calculation of fair value is contractually limited to a maximum of 30 years. Cash flows are discounted to their present value with a discounted cash flow method. The applied discount rate represents a composite figure (weighted average cost of capital – WACC) that combines the average interest rate for debt and the anticipated return on equity employed. An after-tax WACC of 7.7 percent (December 31, 2024: 8.2 percent) was used at the measurement date. Fair value measurement is classified in full as level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because key input factors (in particular, cash flows) cannot be observed on the market.

The determined fair value would increase (decrease) if the EBITDA increased (decreased) or if the after-tax WACC decreased (increased). A change of these unobservable input factors would have the following effects on the measurement of puttable non-controlling interests:

The sensitivities are determined by conducting the measurements again using the changed parameters.

Other financial liabilities

The fair values of the other financial liabilities are determined in accordance with generally accepted valuation methods based on the discounted cash flow method. The most important input factor is the discount rate, which incorporates the available market data (risk-free interest rates) and the credit standing of the Lenzing Group, which is not observable on the market. The fair values of the financial guarantee contracts represent the estimated expected default arising from the maximum possible payment obligation and the expected loss.

The fair value of the contingent consideration is determined by means of option valuation using an arbitrage-free Monte Carlo model approach. The gas price (TTF ICE) is the main input factor in this context. This liability with a carrying amount of EUR 10 thousand (December 31, 2024: EUR 1,150 thousand) is assigned to the category “at fair value through profit or loss”. The change was recognized under income from non-current and current financial assets and liabilities (see note 13).

Derivative financial instruments and hedges

Derivatives are measured at fair value. The fair value of derivatives is calculated using standard methods based on the market data available at the measurement date (in particular exchange rates and interest rates). Currency and commodity forwards are measured at the respective forward rate or price at the reporting date. These forward rates or prices are based on the spot rates or prices and include forward premiums and discounts. The Group’s own models are used to estimate the measurement. The measurement of derivatives also includes the counterparty risk (credit risk/counterparty risk/non-performance risk) in the form of discounts to the fair value that would be used by a market participant for pricing.

Basically, the Lenzing Group applies the hedge accounting rules defined by IFRS 9 to the following derivative financial instruments. The retrospective hedging effect or ineffectiveness is evaluated with the dollar-offset method, which compares the accumulated changes in the fair value of the hedged items with the accumulated changes in the fair value of the hedges in line with the compensation method.

The measurement of the hedged item is offset by the hedge and is therefore effective. Risks of ineffectiveness include the credit risk of a counterparty, a significant change in the credit risk of a contractual party in the hedging relationship or the change of time of payment of the hedged item, reduction of the total invoice amount or price of the hedged item. Risks are always hedged in their entirety. The target hedging ratio for the hedged nominal values is about 67 percent.

The critical terms of payment of the hedged items and hedging instruments (in particular, the nominal value and time of payment) are generally identical or offset one another (“critical terms match”). Therefore, when forming a measurement unit, the Managing Board considers the offsetting of value changes of the hedged items and of the hedging instrument resulting from changes of the hedged risk as highly effective.

Cash flow hedge derivatives for currency risks

The Lenzing Group uses derivative financial instruments to hedge currency risks arising from the operating business. These derivative financial instruments serve to balance the variability of cash flows from future transactions. Hedges are determined in advance on the basis of the expected purchases and sales in the relevant foreign currency. In hedging future cash flows in foreign currencies (cash flow hedges), the Lenzing Group typically hedges the risk up to the time of the foreign currency payment. Hedge effectiveness is measured by grouping the hedged items and hedging instruments together in at least quarterly maturity ranges for each hedged risk. Cash flow hedges whose underlying hedged item was already recognized in profit or loss are used to hedge foreign currency receivables/liabilities that were recognized at the reporting date but do not impact cash until a later time.

Lenzing AG has arranged currency hedges to hedge USD loans issued to a subsidiary. Due to the early repayment of part of the loan, the currency hedge was sold to the bank ahead of schedule in the 2024 financial year. A nominal amount of USD 65,000 thousand was terminated early at a rate of 1.12 USD/EUR.

The nominal values and fair values of the cash flow hedges are as follows as at the reporting date:

The carrying amounts and the ineffectiveness of the hedged items (purchases and sales) designated as hedging instruments as of the balance sheet dates are as follows:

Cash flow hedge derivatives for combined interest rate/currency risks and interest rate risks

The Lenzing Group deploys derivative financial instruments in order to hedge interest rate/currency risks arising from private placements denominated in US dollars. Hedges are utilized to offset the variability of interest and principal payments resulting from the hedged item. These private placements expired on schedule in December 2024 and were repaid.

The Lenzing Group uses derivative financial instruments to hedge interest rate risks arising from loans taken out with variable interest rates. These hedges are used to offset the variability of cash flows from future interest payments resulting from the hedged item. Some of these hedges were repaid early in the 2024 financial year due to the refinancing of a Lenzing Group subsidiary. The nominal value at the time when the hedge accounting was terminated amounted to USD 395,032 thousand. Due to the early termination, income of EUR 17,377 thousand from the interest rate hedging reserve was reclassified to the consolidated income statement (Financial result).

The nominal values and fair values of the cash flow hedge derivatives for interest rate risks are as follows as at the reporting dates:

The carrying amounts and the ineffectiveness of the hedged items (loans) designated as hedging instruments as at the balance sheet dates are as follows:

Cash flow hedge derivatives for commodity price risks

In addition to physical purchase contracts, the Lenzing Group deploys derivative financial instruments in order to hedge against gas price risks. These hedges are used to offset the variability of cash flows from future gas price payments deriving from the hedged item.

The nominal values and fair values of the commodity hedges are as follows as at the reporting dates:

The carrying amounts and the ineffectiveness of the hedged items designated as hedging instruments as at the balance sheet dates are as follows:

Hedging Reserve

The change in the hedging reserve is as follows:

Offsetting financial assets and liabilities

The Lenzing Group has concluded a number of framework netting agreements (in particular, master netting arrangements) with some credit institutions. The amounts owed by each counterparty under such agreements on a single day in the same currency based on the total outstanding transactions are aggregated into a single net amount to be paid by one party to the other.

The following tables present information on offsetting financial assets and liabilities in the consolidated statement of financial position on the basis of framework netting agreements. The (gross) amounts presented in the “Financial assets” and “Financial liabilities” columns correspond to the (net) financial assets and liabilities recognized in the statement of financial position. The column “effect of framework netting agreements” shows the amounts which result from these types of agreements, but which do not meet the criteria for offsetting in the IFRS consolidated statement of financial position.

Transfer of financial assets (sale of receivables/factoring)

Factoring agreements are in place with banks for the purchase of certain trade receivables of the Lenzing Group. The Lenzing Group is entitled to sell these receivables. The agreements have indefinite terms, whereby each party has the right to cancel the agreements with notice period of three months to the calendar quarter and allow them to expire. As at December 31, 2025 the factoring agreements have a maximum usable nominal volume totaling EUR 90,000 thousand (December 31, 2024: EUR 90,000 thousand), of which USD 72,000 thousand (December 31, 2024: USD 72,000 thousand) is available in US dollars.

The risks relevant to the risk assessment of the receivables sold include credit default risk (del credere risk), foreign currency risk in the case of receivables denominated in foreign currencies, and the risk of late payments. Credit risk-related defaults and, in the case of receivables in foreign currencies, exchange rate fluctuations represent the main opportunities and risks associated with these receivables. The risk of late payments is borne by the Lenzing Group in all factoring agreements and is considered to be negligible.

The Lenzing Group assumes a default liability of 10 percent per payment default which, however, is partly reduced to 5 percent by collateral The remaining credit default risk (up to 90 percent per default) and – in the case of receivables not denominated in the reporting currency – foreign currency risk is assumed by the bank. The Lenzing Group has undertaken to take out credit insurance for the receivables sold and to assume responsibility for debtor management. The banks involved have the right to transfer overdue receivables back to the Lenzing Group for procedural reasons in the event of a legal dispute. However, this does not transfer the credit default risk back to the Lenzing Group and has no effect on the Lenzing Group’s liquidity position.

For most receivables, essentially all opportunities and risks are transferred to the bank. For the remaining receivables in the portfolio that has been sold, control of the receivables is transferred to the bank. As at December 31, 2025, receivables under the factoring agreements totaling EUR 85,070 thousand (December 31, 2024: EUR 85,655 thousand) were sold and derecognized from the Lenzing Group’s consolidated statement of financial position. As at December 31, 2025, the unadvanced amount was recognized under other current assets (financial) in the amount of EUR 8,507 thousand (December 31, 2024: EUR 8,566 thousand). The fair values correspond approximately to the stated carrying amounts, as in particular the remaining terms of the respective receivables are also categorized as current.

From the Lenzing Group’s perspective, the unadvanced amount stated above corresponds to the theoretical maximum credit-risk-related loss for the assumption of the default liability. The fair value of this default liability amounts to EUR 11 thousand as at December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024: EUR 10 thousand). An other current liability (financial) equivalent to the fair value of this contingent liability was recognized. For the obligations assumed and risks arising from the factoring agreements, EUR 1 thousand of other current receivables (financial) were recognized as at December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024: EUR 14 thousand of other current liabilities (financial)). In the 2025 financial year, service fees amounting to EUR 185 thousand were expensed (2024: EUR 186 thousand) in the other operating expenses. Since the start of the agreement, a cumulative amount of EUR 510 thousand has been expensed.

Payments received from customers in the period between the last advance and December 31 are deferred in other financial liabilities (current).

In the financial year under review, the Lenzing Group also sold letter of credit receivables due from customers to a bank. All opportunities and risks associated with the letter of credit receivables and the remaining trade receivables have been transferred to the bank. As a consequence, the trade receivables have been fully derecognized from the Lenzing Group’s consolidated financial statements. As at December 31, 2025, due to the sale of letter of credit receivables, trade receivables amounting to EUR 34,369 thousand were derecognized from the Lenzing Group’s consolidated statement of financial position (December 31, 2024: EUR 25,316 thousand).